His name is Abū Isḥāq Ibrāhīm ibn Yaḥyā al-Naqqāsh al-Zarqālī (al-Zarqālah) al-Tujibi, and he passed away in the year 493 of the Hijrah, which corresponds to the year 1100. The instrument maker and astronomer from Andalusia. His astronomical instruments and works would continue to be used for another 400 years. The great astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus cited from his works...
He is Muḥammad ibn Jābir al-Ḥarrānī al-Battānī (317h) and he was the greatest and most famous astronomer of the Islamic World. His works were significantly involved in the development of science and astronomy in the West. The great astronomers of history utilized his works, among them Nicolaus Copernicus, Johannes Kepler, and Galileo Galilei. He recognized the use of trigonometry in astronomy and laid the milestones for the further development of astronomy...
His name is Abu Rayhan Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Biruni. He died in the year 440 after the Hijrah (1050). He is a great scholar and astronomer. And he is called the father of modern geodesy. Out of his 146 books, he dedicated 95 to astronomy, mathematics, and geography...